Biliothoracic Fistula after Microwave Ablation of Liver Metastasis : Literature Review

Table 1

Six cases of thoracobiliary fistula following thermal ablation of liver metastases.

Author	Primary tumor	Location (hepatic segment)	Treated lesion(s) (number)	Maximum diameter (mm)	Fistula	Onset time (days)	Treatment	Outcome	Time for resolution (weeks)
Pende	Colorectal	V–VIII	1	N/A	BPF	N/A	CD + ED	Resolution	2
Tran	Colorectal	Dome	N/A	N/A	BBF	28	ED	Resolution	8
Kim	Gastric	VII	1	35	BBF	56	PD	Resolution	12
Liberale	Renal	IV	1	65	BBF	28	CD + ED	Resolution	4
Xi	Breast	Right lobe	1	NA	BBF	14	Palliative	Dead
Pinsker	NET small bowel	V–VI–VII	3	N/A	BBF	1	ED synthetic glue^∗	Resolution	28

^∗Resolutive treatment. NET: neuroendocrine tumor; BPF: biliopleural fistula; BBF: biliobronchial fistula; ED: endoscopic drainage; PD: percutaneous drainage; CD: chest drainage; N/A: not acquired.