Effect of Admission Serum Calcium Levels and Length of Stay in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis: Data from the MIMIC-III Database
Table 1
Participants’ baseline characteristics.
Characteristics
Serum calcium (mg/dl)
value
All patients no. (%)
Low serum calcium <8.5 no. (%)
High serum calcium ≥8.5 no. (%)
Total patients
3156
1580 (50.1)
1576 (49.9)
Demographics
Age, years
58.32 (45.96, 71.75)
58.21 (45.92, 72.08)
58.47 (46.02, 71.27)
0.405
Age categorized, years
0.827
<60
1682 (53.3)
839 (53.1)
843 (53.5)
≥60
1474 (46.7)
741 (46.9)
733 (46.5)
Gender
0.434
Male
1600 (50.7)
812 (51.4)
788 (50.0)
Female
1556 (49.3)
768 (48.6)
788 (50.0)
Ethnicity
0.003
White
2185 (69.2)
1095 (69.3)
1090 (69.2)
Black
362 (11.5)
155 (9.8)
207 (13.1)
Others
609 (19.3)
330 (20.9)
279 (17.7)
Marital status
0.588
Married
1439 (45.6)
728 (46.1)
711 (45.1)
Nonmarried
1717 (54.4)
852 (53.9)
865 (54.9)
Insurance
0.002
Medicare
1045 (31.1)
555 (35.1)
490 (31.1)
Medicaid
332 (10.5)
182 (11.5)
150 (9.5)
Others
1779 (56.4)
843 (53.4)
936 (59.4)
Comorbidities
CHF
0.671
No
2960 (93.8)
1479 (93.6)
1481 (94.0)
Yes
196 (6.2)
101 (6.4)
95 (6.0)
Hypertension
0.819
No
2239 (70.9)
1118 (70.8)
1121 (71.1)
Yes
917 (29.1)
462 (29.2)
455 (28.9)
COPD
0.640
No
3138 (99.4)
1570 (99.4)
1568 (99.5)
Yes
18 (0.6)
10 (0.6)
8 (0.5)
Diabetes mellitus
0.465
No
2626 (83.2)
1307 (82.7)
1319 (83.7)
Yes
530 (16.8)
273 (17.3)
257 (16.3)
Renal failure
0.541
No
3052 (96.7)
1531 (96.9)
1521 (96.5)
Yes
104 (3.3)
49 (3.1)
55 (3.5)
Liver disease
0.541
No
3052 (96.7)
1531 (96.9)
1521 (96.5)
Yes
104 (3.3)
49 (3.1)
55 (3.5)
CAD
0.029
No
2739 (86.8)
1392 (88.1)
1347 (85.5)
Yes
417 (13.2)
188 (11.9)
229 (14.5)
Hyperlipidemia
0.021
No
2318 (73.4)
1189 (75.3)
1129 (71.6)
Yes
838 (26.6)
391 (24.7)
447 (28.4)
Admitted to the ICU
<0.001
No
2663 (84.4)
1206 (76.3)
1457 (92.4)
Yes
493 (15.6)
374 (23.7)
119 (7.6)
CCI
4.0 (2.0, 6.0)
4.0 (2.0, 6.0)
4.0 (2.0, 6.0)
0.208
SOFA score
1.0 (0.0, 3.0)
1.0 (0.0, 3.0)
1.0 (0.0, 2.0)
0.347
SIRS score
3.0 (2.0, 4.0)
3.0 (3.0, 4.0)
3.0 (2.0, 3.0)
0.059
SAPSII score
38.0 (28.0, 50.0)
38.0 (28.0, 50.0)
36.0 (28.0, 48.0)
0.447
Lab examination
WBC, 109/L
8.85 (6.30, 12.60)
9.40 (6.50, 13.90)
8.30 (6.10, 11.50)
<0.001
Albumin, g/L
3.40 (2.90, 3.80)
3.10 (2.70, 3.50)
3.70 (3.30, 4.00)
<0.001
TBil, mmol/L
0.90 (0.50, 2.10)
1.00 (0.50, 2.40)
0.80 (0.50, 1.80)
<0.001
Lipase, IU/L
186.0 (61.0, 701.0)
198.0 (65.0, 721.0)
173.0 (57.8, 677.3)
0.259
Amylase, IU/L
148.0 (66.0, 410.0)
153.0 (65.5, 433.5)
144.0 (66.0, 402.5)
0.632
AST, U/L
57.0 (25.0, 142.0)
65.0 (29.0, 145.0)
48.0 (23.0, 135.0)
<0.001
ALT, U/L
54.0 (22.0, 177.0)
56.0 (23.0, 156.0)
50.0 (20.0, 195.8)
0.579
BUN, mmol/L
13.0 (9.0, 20.0)
14.0 (9.0, 22.0)
12 (9.0, 19.0)
<0.001
Creatinine, mg/dL
0.80 (0.60, 1.10)
0.80 (0.60, 1.20)
0.80 (0.70, 1.00)
0.762
Glucose, mg/dL
103.0 (87.0, 133.0)
106.0 (87.0, 139.0)
100.0 (86.0, 127.0)
0.001
Anion gap, mmol/L
14.0 (12.0, 16.0)
14.0 (12.0, 16.0)
14.0 (12.0, 16.0)
0.280
Bicarbonate, mmol/L
24.0 (22.0, 27.0)
24.0 (21.0, 26.0)
25.0 (23.0, 27.0)
<0.001
Sodium, mmol/L
139.0 (137.0, 141.0)
139.0 (136.0, 141.0)
139.0 (137.0, 141.0)
0.002
Potassium, mmol/L
3.90 (3.60, 4.30)
3.90 (3.50, 4.20)
4.00 (3.70, 4.30)
<0.001
Calcium, mmol/L
8.50 (8.10, 8.90)
8.10 (7.70, 8.30)
8.90 (8.70, 9.20)
<0.001
Length of stay, days
4.85 (2.91, 8.95)
5.81 (3.43, 11.49)
4.06 (2.72, 6.99)
<0.001
Hospital mortality, n (%)
115 (3.6)
83 (5.3)
32 (2)
<0.001
Continuous variables were presented as the median and interquartile range (IQR), and categorical variables were expressed as n (%). For categorical variables, values were analyzed by χ2 test. For continuous variables, the Mann–Whitney U test was used in the nonnormal model. CHF : congestive heart failure, COPD : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CAD : coronary artery disease, CCI : Charlson comorbidity index, ICU : intensive care unit, SOFA : sequential organ failure assessment, SIRS : systemic inflammatory response system, SAPS : simplified acute physiology score, WBC : white blood cell count, TBil : total bilirubin, AST : aspartate aminotransferase, ALT : alanine aminotransferase, and BUN : blood urea nitrogen.
