An IoT-Based Smart System with an MQTT Broker for Individual Patient Vital Sign Monitoring in Potential Emergency or Prehospital Applications

Figure 2

Workflow of the system proposed in this paper. Step 1: users use their health ID card to access the RFID controller, which can read the RFID inner ID number, and choose measurement options on a TFT screen to select the measurement device. Step 2: the RFID controller sends a health ID card and job ID via an MQTT broker over a Wi-Fi connection to notify the selected device (head temperature, body temperature, body weight, blood oxygen, or blood pressure sensor) to be ready for use. Step 3: users use the selected device, which then sends results via the MQTT broker and cloud platform over a Wi-Fi connection. All results are instantly displayed on both the TFT touch screen of the RFID controller and a browser running on any smartphone or desktop PC.