Association between the Length of Hospital Stay and 30-Day Outcomes in Patients Admitted with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Table 1
General and laboratory characteristics and drug history of the study population according to the length of hospital stay.
Variables
Total (n = 385)
Length of hospital stay
<4 days (n = 100)
4–6 days (n = 151)
>6 days (n = 134)
Age (years)
66.13 ± 13.20
65.05 ± 12.56
66.83 ± 13.14
66.15 ± 13.77
0.581
Males (%)
252 (65.5)
69 (69)
101 (66.9)
82 (61.2)
0.413
BMI (kg/m2)
27.10 ± 6.64
26.29 ± 4.09
27.70 ± 8.70
26.97 ± 5.34
0.229
Tachycardia (%)
75 (19.5)
27 (27)
22 (14.6)
26 (19.4)
0.052
Ischemic heart disease (%)
342 (88.8)
88 (88)
132 (87.4)
122 (91)
0.596
Diabetes mellitus (%)
168 (43.6)
33 (33)
69 (45.7)
66 (49.3)a
0.037
Hypertension (%)
194 (50.4)
48 (48)
78 (51.7)
68 (50.7)
0.847
Kidney diseases (%)
173 (44.9)
39 (39)
68 (45)
66 (49.3)
0.296
Thyroid disorders (%)
51 (13.2)
13 (13)
20 (13.2)
18 (13.4)
0.995
Anemia (%)
47 (12.2)
15 (15)
11 (7.3)
21 (15.7)
0.060
Smoking status (%)
136 (35.3)
42 (42)
59 (39.1)
35 (26.1)a
0.020
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
123.02 ± 24.95
125.78 ± 24.37
122.11 ± 23.47
121.99 ± 26.95
0.438
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
76.55 ± 15.65
79.41 ± 16.27
75.21 ± 15.69
75.93 ± 14.97
0.098
Hemoglobin (g/dl)
13.43 ± 2.22
14.01 ± 2.22
13.55 ± 2.07b
12.88 ± 2.29a
<0.001
Sodium (mEq/l)
136.14 ± 4.48
136.62 ± 4.49
136.04 ± 4.33
135.90 ± 4.64
0.445
Potassium (mEq/l)
4.29 ± 0.58
4.26 ± 0.51
4.29 ± 0.59
4.31 ± 0.61
0.845
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl)
48.38 ± 18.29
45.99 ± 17.23
48.54 ± 18.13
49.97 ± 19.15
0.256
Creatinine (mg/dl)
1.49 ± 0.86
1.29 ± 0.43
1.54 ± 0.94
1.59 ± 0.99a
0.022
HF type
HFrEF
304 (77.4%)
77 (77.0%)
116 (76.8%)
105 (78.4%)
0.071
HFmrEF
49 (12.5%)
7 (7.0%)
24 (15.9%)
17 (12.7%)
HFpEF
40 (10.2%)
16 (16.0%)
11 (7.3%)
12 (9.0%)
Discharge drug
Beta-blockers (%)
292 (75.8)
79 (79)
116 (76.8)
97 (72.4)
0.473
ACEIs/ARBs (%)
320 (83.1)
84 (84)
127 (84.1)
109 (81.3)
0.794
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (%)
113 (29.4)
27 (27)
51 (33.8)
35 (26.1)
0.306
Diuretics (%)
329 (85.5)
86 (86)
130 (86.1)
113 (84.3)
0.900
BMI, body mass index; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; HF, heart failure; HFrEF, HF with reduced ejection fraction; HFmrEF, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction. Results from One-Way ANOVA and chi-square test, as appropriate. a: values <0.05 resulted from a comparison of hospital stay of >6 days vs. hospital stay of <4 days. b: values <0.05 resulted from a comparison of hospital stay of >6 days vs. hospital stay of 4–6 days.
