Geofluid Systems of Koryaksky-Avachinsky Volcanoes (Kamchatka, Russia)

Figure 18

Conceptual TOUGH2-based model of hydrothermal circulation beneath Koryaksky Volcano. 1: temperatures, °C; 2; pressures, bar; 3; regions with CO₂ partial pressures above 1 bar (i.e., CO₂ mass fractions more than 0.02); 4: regions with chloride concentrations of more than 5 ppm; 5: fluid flows: a, cold, b, hot, and c, intermediate; 6: dike injection regions. For additional explanation of this figure, see legend in Figure 2.