Geofluids

Research Article

Hydrochemistry and Isotope Hydrology for Groundwater Sustainability of the Coastal Multilayered Aquifer System (Zhanjiang, China)

Table 1

Hydrochemical data of groundwater in the multilayered aquifer system of Zhanjiang.


Sample number	Aquifer	Sampling time	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺		Cl⁻			SiO₂	TDS	pH
Sample number	Aquifer	Sampling time	(mg/L)	(mg/L)	(mg/L)	(mg/L)	(mg/L)	(mg/L)	(mg/L)	(mg/L)	(mg/L)	(mg/L)	pH	(°C)

Q1	Unconfined aquifer	Mar 2009	17.86	6.91	31.24	6.45	13.42	49.77	35.64	45	12.93	216.32	5.3	23
Q2			15.4	70.67	17.74	45.63	5.98	183.35	58.26	100	10.49	532.23	5.06	26
Q3			12.91	5.71	51.38	6.59	171.16	19.21	14.26	0.5	25.65	222.45	7.55	23
Q4			77.37	23.75	46.58	146.6	206.86	111.77	160.47	95	13.92	783.93	8.14	22
Q5			52.58	6	27.12	13.68	145.84	32.29	29.73	40	8.92	283.76	7.03	25
Q6			105.15	15.64	101.81	41.68	324.44	154.56	85.59	32.5	10.91	710.27	7.27	22
Q7			18.36	8.42	28.26	1.4		40.16	67.77	30	11.05	207.7	4.08	23

Q1	Unconfined aquifer	Mar 2010	13.89	6.32	29.93	7.19	9.39	50.16	34.49	12.5	12.93	202.04	5	23
Q2			41.66	21.65	105.21	14.93	5.39	193.66	116.52	55	8.75	563.74	4.87	27
Q3			27.78	1.8	26.17	13.06	52.54	34.24	30.93	30	9.65	200.06	6.43	26
Q4			70.42	19.55	37.78	22.63	195.57	88.16	26.13	75	8.37	453.44	8.25	22
Q5			25.54	4.81	46.13	14.34	118.26	28.25	36.84	40	9.34	264.51	7.15	22
Q6			76.39	23.75	93.39	120.75	131.38	186.75	172.38	80	3.93	823.39	6.72	22
Q7			15.37	8.13	20.82	1.77		29.1	74.88	2	11.17	164.34	4	25
Q8			9.42	8.81	10.06	3.39	69.33	8.44	19.34	5	9.62	149	5.52	23

Q1	Unconfined aquifer	Mar 2011	13.21	7.4	32.03	8.09		53.39	46.88	35	13.43	213.4	4.36	22
Q2			43.51	22.82	105.67	17.54	5.34	203.94	60.9	120	15.26	593.6	4.65	25
Q3			28.84	4.45	21.27	13.73	54.25	27.12	44.52	32.5	9.11	208.86	6.26	23
Q4			33.57	8.51	6.54	23.22	142.37	10.48	30.02	2	11.81	200.16	7.15	25
Q5			29.82	16.2	16.2	13.53	110.09	17.74	45.59	18	15.46	187.8	6.89	23
Q6			74.29	21.04	78.99	15.84	162.68	137.4	115.99	50	3.83	579.21	7.01	21
Q7			16.61	7.7	19.69	1.82		28.89	70.27	10	10	166.04	4.1	26

Z1	Middle confined aquifer	Mar 2009	7.43	3.32	11.43	10.04	61.02	12.23	2.4	0.1	23.69	113.88	6.7	28
Z2			3.47	1.2	7.56	1.8	5.98	12.23	8.31	3	14.62	64.31	5.4	27
Z3			7.24	3.61	3.97	7.28	46.13	2.62	13.06		41.83	109.88	6.49	30
Z4			4.47	4.51	20.02	8.01	22.33	27.93	26.13		29.09	136.88	6.1	27
Z5			10.9	6.32	11.42	6.43	80.36	10.49	4.75	0.3	43.35	138.67	6.78	28
Z6			4.57	4.81	8.14	4.62	5.45	13.08	36.09		27.57	132.44	5.36	27
Z7			6.49	4.81	7.94	4.62	58.56	6.1	7.11	1.5	35.08	110.47	6.4	28
Z8			2.48	3.91	5.35	3.66	7.44	7.87	23.77		24.42	76.46	5.55	26
Z9			7.94	6.01	8.87	1.45	68.46	5.25	2.4	0.1	29.31	97.49	7.34	27
Z10			8.44	7.22	12.62	9.36	44.67	28.82	19.02		23.68	144.74	6.25	28
Z11			7.43	2.71	20.63	6.09	93.79	6.98	1.2	0.2	27.16	120.72	7.19	29.5

Z1	Middle confined aquifer	Mar 2010	9.92	3.61	13.67	9.01	56.4	26.05	5.96		13.28	125.48	6.69	26
Z2			2.48	1.51	6.96	2.53	5.86	8.58	12.82	2	16.52	68.53	5.65	28
Z3			3.97	2.41	7.98	8.61	47.46	4.29	5.96		43.28	110.46	6.59	29
Z4			3.47	3.32	18.71	6.78		38.04	22.57	0.1	25.3	124.5	4.15	27
Z5			11.91	5.42	13.39	6.73	77.37	9.5	15.47		38.34	143.7	6.8	29
Z6			4.97	4.2	8.65	4.62	5.86	13.83	34.24		28.01	119.25	5.55	27
Z7			9.42	5.12	7.51	4.32	61.56	6.69	13.06	0.3	39.73	124.62	6.6	25
Z8			2.97	2.41	6.16	4.48	7.32	9.43	19.02	0.1	24.75	74.6	5.59	27
Z9			8.44	5.71	9.14	1.63	67.12	4.32	7.11	0.3	40.19	110.79	6.95	26
Z10			9.92	7.22	14.81	10	52.24	31.69	11.91	0.1	22.23	146.77	6.52	27
Z11			7.43	2.41	20.39	6.75	93.42	5.99	1.2	0.2	26.88	119.44	7.05	30
Z12			9.13	8.11	6.23	5.9	58.22	10.2	22.1		26.84	138	6.67	29
Z13			8.46	6.72	6.44	4.21	53.37	8.99	18.06		30.89	149	6.34	28
Z14			5.8	4.04	9.88	2.74	35.61	10.74	16.94		29.42	150	6.44	28

Z1	Middle confined aquifer	Mar 2011	8.32	4.43	10.91	10.14	61.14	18.36	7.01		18.02	126.48	6.7	26
Z2			3.43	1.48	8.91	2.93		13.12	9.37	15	17.91	73.4	4.38	24
Z4			4.89	3.56	21.82	8.16	16.29	35.88	22.24	0.1	37.21	145.36	5.78	27.5
Z5			9.78	8.3	11.64	7.37	86.77	10.49	14.07		46.38	155.88	6.66	29
Z6			4.24	5.93	8.24	5.68	7.52	14.36	38.18	0.1	39.64	151.46	5.62	25
Z7			22.48	3.85	6.26	4.74	92.2	7.87	12.87		43.85	155.07	6.8	26
Z8			2.44	4.74	7.63	4.54	8.12	13.12	24.59		26.7	89.65	5.52	25
Z9			7.82	5.64	9.58	1.88	67.79	3.51	7.01	1	48.13	119.08	6.83	27
Z10			22	10.07	24.12	4.27	35.27	72.64	21.09	5	10.9	252.94	6.37	25
Z11			4.41	2.07	18.43	5.53	67.79	8.76	4.71		54.11	136.02	6.94	30

S1	Deep confined aquifer	Mar 2009	2.97	2.11	10.82	11.99	49.12	5.25	7.11	0.3	26.9	100.69	6.51	32
S2			3.47	3.01	9.32	12.34	55.04	1.74	13.06		25.91	101.03	6.4	32
S3			4.47	4.51	19.51	10.76	92.26	3.51	7.11		32.95	131.77	6.99	32
S4			10.33	4.2	4.67	8.09	65.47	4.36	2.4	0.2	46.16	117.82	6.84	32.5
S5			2.97	2.41	6.96	10.17	49.28	2.62	5.26	1	40.95	131.82	6.56	30
S6			6.45	3.61	8.66	9.81	67	3.51	8.31		45.94	127	6.74	30
S7			36.21	3.9	25.25	14.67	69.56	37.54	51.1	3	9.89	239.1	6.3	33
S8			9.92	4.51	14.71	7.04	90.8	4.36	1.2	4	34.39	126.22	7.15	31
S9			22.81	9.93	44.18	45.49	247.07	28.82	11.91		26.26	323.46	6.14	31
S10			22.87	5.41	12.4	10.97	132.47	6.1	1.2	0.3	31.03	159.68	7.3	31
S11			4.97	3.6	11.7	10.15	64.01	2.62	10.71	0.5	54.93	135.68	6.7	32.5
S12			4.97	3.3	7.1	10	53.58	0.89	13.06		50.26	124.01	6.48	32

S1	Deep confined aquifer	Mar 2010	2.97	2.11	10.89	13.56	54.4	5.99	8.31	0.1	27.16	110.74	6.64	31
S2			2.97	2.11	7.39	13.4	52.33	3.44	5.96		26.17	99.52	6.42	32
S3			5.95	3.3	20.04	10.44	90.49	6.91	8.31	0.2	30.05	133.04	6.97	32
S4			4.91	5.66	10.61	9.76	69.93	4.36	12.97	0.8	43.44	132.83	6.74	33
S5			2.48	2.7	7.79	10.16	55.47	0.85	3.55	1	33.57	103.84	6.7	30
S6			3.97	4.2	9.03	9.91	62.19	3.44	9.51	0.3	53.8	132.76	6.7	31
S7			10.09	6.62	54.47	6.95	176.59	18.82	14.26	0.1	24.89	226.26	7.81	33
S8			9.42	4.52	14.7	8.19	94.89	3.44	2.4	0.1	35.71	126.46	7.14	30
S9			16.87	13.22	46.88	47.81	249.57	27.65	16.62		25.24	325.98	6.12	32.5
S10			12.55	8.72	15.87	4.73	97.82	17.3	8.31	0.3	48.76	170.26	6.72	31
S11			12.37	2.71	3.97	12.32	67.12	3.47	7.11	0.2	52.93	133.09	6.87	31.5
S12			5.95	3.61	9.74	9.97	67.59	4.29	8.31		51.69	134.54	6.75	31
S13			6.48	5.65	26.06	8.7	61.36	19.86	18.37		32.23	214	6.68	30
S14			7.53	5.19	23.17	14	127.83	2.54	6.88		47.28	195	7.23	31

S1	Deep confined aquifer	Mar 2011	2.93	2.08	10.4	16.8	51.5	5.25	14.07		34.44	120.82	6.58	32
S2			2.44	3.56	7.37	12.25	53.25	3.51	8.37	0.3	29.68	102.04	6.42	32
S3			9.78	3.26	19.71	10.28	98.97	7.02	8.21	0.2	46.66	161.08	7.12	32.5
S4			4.89	4.74	10.65	9.48	81.34	4.36	1.15		54.13	134.54	6.68	33
S5			3.43	6.22	8.23	4.79	5.09	17.51	23.26	0.1	40.4	163.5	5.34	31
S6			4.86	3.85	9.25	12.28	63.7	2.62	9.37		60.03	140.22	6.73	31
S7			53.35	7.41	12.71	7.37	147.79	28.89	12.87	11	23.12	231.54	7.66	33
S8			14.24	5.03	9.78	10.35	98.97	3.51	5.86	4	46.76	150.36	6.99	31
S9			14.67	13.63	46.12	4.85	221.33	21.5	7.01		32.22	281.44	6	35
S10			14.17	8.3	17.75	10.08	116.72	10.49	22.24	0.2	36.83	196.66	7.03	31
S11			3.43	3.26	12.31	11.54	65.11	3.51	7.01	0.75	60.05	142.08	6.68	32
S12			6.35	5.33	9.29	9.94	65.45	15.74	2.35	0.2	31.92	123.66	6.62	32