Graphene-Based Membrane Technology: Reaching Out to the Oil and Gas Industry

Figure 3

Digital photo of an rGO membrane coated on an AAO disk (a); SEM image (top view) of the coating of an rGO membrane on an AAO disk. The top half of the image shows the uniform and smooth coating of rGO sheets, whereas the bottom half shows the porous structure of the bare AAO disk. Reprinted with permission from [64]. Digital photo (c) and SEM (cross-sectional view) image (d) of self-standing GO membrane. Reprinted with permission from [65]. In (e), a schematic view for possible permeation route is shown: water molecules go through the nanochannels of the rGO membrane and the holes on the graphene sheets and at last reach the pores of supporting membranes. The blank squares present the holes on the graphene sheets (black line). The edges of the rGO and the periphery of the holes are negatively charged. Reprinted with permission from [64].

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