Surface to Groundwater Interactions beneath the City of Berlin: Results from 3D Models

Figure 4

Lake and river morphology. (a) Elevation distribution of the base of all rivers and lakes in the model area. Blue arrows indicate flow direction of rivers. (b) Zoom-in of lake base morphology for the example site of Lake Tegel. Black lines represent input data. (c) 3D river realization for the River Spree. Location in (a) indicated by lines. A, B, and C indicate outlet geometry data used for the construction. Coordinates are in Gauß-Krüger DHDN Zone 4.