Synthesis and Interface Activity of a Series of Carboxylic Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants in Hydraulic Fracturing

Table 4

Foaming properties of four surfactants with different concentrations at room temperature.

Concentration (mg/L)	CTAAC			CTABU			CTAHE			CTACA
	(cm)	(cm)	(%)	(cm)	(cm)	(%)	(cm)	(cm)	(%)	(cm)	(cm)	(%)
80	10.5	7.9	75.5	8.5	6.2	72.5	6.8	2.7	40.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
200	13.2	10.3	78.2	10.0	7.8	78.0	8.5	3.6	42.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
400	17.8	14.3	80.5	14.8	11.3	79.3	11.5	5.6	48.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
600	22.8	19.5	85.7	19.2	16.5	86.2	16.2	8.5	52.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
800	24.5	22.6	92.3	21.5	19.2	89.5	20.0	11.8	59.2	7.5	1.5	20.5
1000	27.2	25.5	93.9	23.2	22.3	96.2	21.8	13.5	61.9	12.5	4.7	38.2
2000	28.0	27.0	96.5	25.0	23.4	93.7	22.0	17.1	77.8	13.0	5.9	45.9
3000	28.0	27.6	98.6	26.8	26.1	97.4	23.2	20.5	88.4	16.5	9.1	55.2
4000	27.3	26.8	98.2	25.5	24.7	96.9	22.0	19.9	90.5	16.0	9.6	60.2
5000	25.5	24.9	97.9	25.2	23.9	95.0	21.2	18.9	89.2	15.5	9.2	59.8