Laboratory Investigation and Modelling of the Thermal-Mechanical Properties of Soil in Shallow Mineralized Groundwater Area

Figure 12

Scanning electron micrographs of kaolin clay with different salt concentrations of the bulk solution (×5000).

(a) Pure kaolin clay (0 mol/kg)

(b) 1.5 mol/kg NaCl

(c) 1.5 mol/kg CaCl₂

(d) 3 mol/kg NaCl

(e) 3 mol/kg CaCl₂

(f) 6 mol/kg NaCl

(g) 6 mol/kg CaCl₂