Evaluation of Shear Dilation Capability/Potential and Permeability Changes in Karamay Oil Sands under Water Injection

Table 1

Porosity experiments of Karamay oil sands [31].

Sample	Average porosity	Average porosity excluding bitumen	Dilation-induced porosity by experiments
			Shear	Tensile parting
Regular oil sand	0.33	0.17
Mud-rich oil sand	0.33	0.16
Bitumen-rich oil sand	0.37	0.13

Porosity with the bitumen being considered as part of the pore space.