Physical Simulation of the Water-Conducting Fracture Zone of Weak Roofs in Shallow Seam Mining Based on a Self-Designed Hydromechanical Coupling Experiment System

<div>Generation and development mechanism of a water-conducting fracture zone. (a) Stress concentration occurs in the immediate roof when the working face advances. (b) Cracks appear in the immediate roof, and stress concentration occurs in the overlying strata. (c) The immediate roof collapse results in the development of cracks in the overlying strata. (d) Cracks cease to develop under the support of the collapse zone.</div>

Geofluids

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Figure 9

Figure 9: Physical Simulation of the Water-Conducting Fracture Zone of Weak Roofs in Shallow Seam Mining Based on a Self-Designed Hydromechanical Coupling Experiment System 

Figure 9 | Physical Simulation of the Water-Conducting Fracture Zone of Weak Roofs in Shallow Seam Mining Based on a Self-Designed Hydromechanical Coupling Experiment System 