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Name | Abbrev. | Authors | Application | Comments |
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— | — | Ritter [28] | Tunnels | The first attempt for the formalization of an empirical approach to tunnel design. |
Rock load | — | Terzaghi [29] | Tunnels | The earliest reference to the use of rock mass classification for the design of tunnel support. |
Stand-up time | — | Lauffer [30] | Tunnels | Related to the stand-up time of an unsupported tunnel excavation. |
Rock quality designation | RQD | Deere [31] | General | Component factor of many classification systems. |
Rock structure rating | RSR | Wickham et al. [32] | Tunnels | First rating system for rock masses. |
Rock tunneling quality index | Q | Barton et al. [33] | Tunnels | The most commonly used classification systems for tunnels. |
Rock mass rating | RMR | Bieniawski [34] | Tunnels and cuttings | Widely used for both tunnels and slopes. |
Rock mass index | RMi | Palmstrom [35] | Tunnels | An approximate value for the compressive strength. |
New Austrian tunneling method | NATM | Rabcewicz [36] | Tunnels | Used in the determination of support measures. |
Mining rock mass rating | MRMR | Laubscher [37] | Mines | Based on RMR (1973). |
Rock mass strength | RMS | Selby [38] | Cuttings | Based on natural slope database. |
Slope mass rating | SMR | Romana [39] | Cuttings | Based on RMR (1979). The most commonly used classification system for slopes. |
Slope rock mass rating | SRMR | Robertson [40] | Cuttings | Based on RMR. The classification is provided for of weak altered rock mass materials from drill hole cores. |
Chinese slope mass rating | CSMR | Chen [41] | Cuttings | Adjustment factors have been applied to the SMR system for the discontinuity condition and slope height. |
Geological strength index | GSI | Hoek et al. [42] | General | Based on RMR (1976). For nonstructurally controlled failures. |
Modified rock mass rating | M-RMR | Unal [43] | Mines | For weak, stratified, anisotropic, and clay-bearing rock masses. |
Basic quality | BD | Ministry of Water Resources, PRC [44] | General | Engineering quality classification of rock mass in China. |
Rock slope deterioration assessment | RDA | Nicholson and Hencher [45] | Cuttings | For shallow, weathering-related breakdown of excavated rock slopes. |
Slope stability probability classification | SSPC | Hack et al. [46] | Cuttings | Probabilistic assessment of independently different failure mechanics. |
Volcanic rock face safety rating | VRFSR | Singh and Connolly [47] | Cuttings (temporary excavations) | For volcanic rock slopes to determine the excavation safety on construction sites. |
Falling rock hazard index | FRHI | Singh [48] | Cuttings (temporary excavations) | Developed for stable excavations to determine the degree of danger to workers. |
Basic geotechnical description | BGD | ISRM [49] | General | Established in 1981 by ISRM. |
Size strength classification | SSC | Franklin [50] | Tunneling | Based on the strength of intact rock and the spacing of discontinuities. |
Simplified rock mass rating | SRMR | Brook and Dharmaratne [51] | General | Three major components: the intact rock strength, joint spacing, and joint type. |
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