Prediction of Fracture Evolution and Groundwater Inrush from Karst Collapse Pillars in Coal Seam Floors: A Micromechanics-Based Stress-Seepage-Damage Coupled Modeling Approach

<div>Variation in the average degree of activation (<span class="nowrap"><svg height="15.0796pt" id="M162" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.8981 16.7403 15.0796" width="16.7403pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><rect height="0.65243" width="9.99534" x="0" y="-11.1958"></rect><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.995,3.132)"><path d="M667 0V28C619 34 599 43 546 100C496 154 386 277 311 372C378 440 449 512 488 547C551 605 575 615 650 622V650H410V622L433 619C478 614 479 604 449 568C404 513 337 443 282 390C254 364 234 350 212 345V520C212 609 222 616 299 622V650H41V622C120 616 128 611 128 520V128C128 41 120 34 44 28V0H304V28C221 34 212 41 212 128V318C229 321 242 318 266 291C355 185 436 87 514 0H667Z"></path></g></svg>)</span> of the KCP with the distance (<span class="nowrap"><svg height="8.68572pt" id="M163" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 7.31558 8.68572" width="7.31558pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M541 160L512 170C485 116 462 88 439 67C411 41 376 35 318 35C272 35 238 37 224 48C207 61 205 85 212 121L290 533C305 611 308 615 391 622L397 650H139L133 622C217 615 221 612 206 533L126 118C111 41 103 34 23 26L17 0H474C489 31 528 124 541 160Z"></path></g></svg>)</span> from the working face to the KCP.</div>

Geofluids

fig11

Figure 11

Figure 11: Prediction of Fracture Evolution and Groundwater Inrush from Karst Collapse Pillars in Coal Seam Floors: A Micromechanics-Based Stress-Seepage-Damage Coupled Modeling Approach 

Figure 11 | Prediction of Fracture Evolution and Groundwater Inrush from Karst Collapse Pillars in Coal Seam Floors: A Micromechanics-Based Stress-Seepage-Damage Coupled Modeling Approach 