Influence of the Interfacial Properties on the Stability of Water in Heavy Oil Emulsions in Thermal Recovery Process

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="9"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Ion</td><td class="align_center">Cl<sup>-</sup></td><td class="align_center">SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup></td><td class="align_center">HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></td><td class="align_center">CO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></td><td class="align_center">Mg<sup>2+</sup></td><td class="align_center">Ca<sup>2+</sup></td><td class="align_center">Na<sup>+</sup></td><td class="align_center">K<sup>+</sup></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="9"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Content (mg/L)</td><td class="align_center">63.6</td><td class="align_center">8.06</td><td class="align_center">700.72</td><td class="align_center">34.9</td><td class="align_center">2.29</td><td class="align_center">8.12</td><td class="align_center">827.38</td><td class="align_center">7.14</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="9"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>The ion composition of simulated formation water.</div>

Geofluids

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: Influence of the Interfacial Properties on the Stability of Water in Heavy Oil Emulsions in Thermal Recovery Process 