Geological Characteristics of Mud Volcanoes and Diapirs in the Northern Continental Margin of the South China Sea: Implications for the Mechanisms Controlling the Genesis of Fluid Leakage Structures

Figure 10

Pattern diagram of the formation mechanism of mud volcanoes and mud diapirs. (a) Stratigraphic profile of mud volcanoes and mud diapirs. MD-1, MD-2, and MD-3 are mud diapirs, which puncture through different layers, and the source layers of MD-1 are shallower than MD-2 and MD-3. MV-1 and MV-2 are mud volcanoes, and the source layers of MV-2 are deeper than MV-1. (b) Internal structure diagram of MV-2, is the depth of the source, is the tectonic stress, is the overpressure in mud reservoirs, and and are the densities of the surrounding rock and mud, respectively.