Seepage Force and Its Direct Mechanical Effects in Hydrate-Bearing Porous Media

<div>A saturated system composed of two idealized spherical solid particles coated with hydrates under saturated seepage conditions: (a) normal and tangential forces acting on the solid particles; (b) normal and tangential forces acting on the flowing water.</div>

Geofluids

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Figure 8

Figure 8: Seepage Force and Its Direct Mechanical Effects in Hydrate-Bearing Porous Media 