Numerical Study on the Mechanism and Application of Artificial Free Surfaces in Bedrock Blasting of Shield Tunnels

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2021/9988120/figures/9988120.fig.0020a.svgz" name="9988120.fig.0020a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Without a free face</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2021/9988120/figures/9988120.fig.0020b.svgz" name="9988120.fig.0020b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>With a free face</td></tr></table>

<div>Effective stress cloud images of cross section A-A in the bedrock.</div>

Geofluids

fig20

Figure 20

Figure 20: Numerical Study on the Mechanism and Application of Artificial Free Surfaces in Bedrock Blasting of Shield Tunnels 