Numerical Study on the Mechanism and Application of Artificial Free Surfaces in Bedrock Blasting of Shield Tunnels

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2021/9988120/figures/9988120.fig.0022a.svgz" name="9988120.fig.0022a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Without a free face of A-A section</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2021/9988120/figures/9988120.fig.0022b.svgz" name="9988120.fig.0022b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>With a free face of A-A section</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2021/9988120/figures/9988120.fig.0022c.svgz" name="9988120.fig.0022c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Without a free face of B-B section</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2021/9988120/figures/9988120.fig.0022d.svgz" name="9988120.fig.0022d" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(d) </b>With a free face of B-B section</td></tr></table>

<div>Peak effective stress values of the units.</div>

Geofluids

fig22

Figure 22

Figure 22: Numerical Study on the Mechanism and Application of Artificial Free Surfaces in Bedrock Blasting of Shield Tunnels 