The Progressive Failure Mechanism of the Tunnel-Slope System under Rainfall: An Experimental Investigation

Figure 14

The analysis of the slope instability during rainfall.

(a) Rill erosion

(b) Slope toe collapse

(c) Gully erosion

(d) Gully erosion intensified

(e) Slip cracks

(f) Tunnel vault collapse

(g) The expansion of collapse range

(h) The overall collapse