DEM Analysis and Simplified Calculation of Passive Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls Backfilled with Sand Considering Strain-Softening Behavior

<div>A schematic for narrow width backfill behind a retaining wall: (a) near an existing building; (b) near a foundation pit.</div>

Geofluids

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Figure 1

Figure 1: DEM Analysis and Simplified Calculation of Passive Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls Backfilled with Sand Considering Strain-Softening Behavior 

Figure 1 | DEM Analysis and Simplified Calculation of Passive Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls Backfilled with Sand Considering Strain-Softening Behavior 