Creep Properties of Mudstone Interlayer in Bedded Salt Rock Energy Storage Based on Multistage Creep Test: A Case Study of Huai’an Salt Mine, Jiangsu Province

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Stress/MPa</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.5794pt" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 18.3949 12.5794" width="18.3949pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M593 650H142L136 622C219 616 224 611 209 531L130 120C114 39 108 34 23 28L17 0H501C518 32 557 130 568 158L540 169C519 132 495 93 469 70C439 43 409 35 332 35C272 35 241 37 225 50C211 61 211 89 222 149L253 320H350C441 320 443 312 441 239H471L510 434H481C455 366 448 358 360 358H260L303 572C311 613 312 615 348 615H431C509 615 522 603 532 581C544 555 546 531 545 491L574 493C583 555 592 631 593 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)"><path d="M245 635C92 635 37 457 37 312C37 149 91 -12 244 -12C395 -12 449 166 449 312C449 469 395 635 245 635ZM243 598C332 598 358 454 358 312C358 173 334 26 245 26C158 26 128 174 128 313S152 598 243 598Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.889,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g></svg>GPa</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.4698pt" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-3.18147pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 18.3949 12.4698" width="18.3949pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M593 650H142L136 622C219 616 224 611 209 531L130 120C114 39 108 34 23 28L17 0H501C518 32 557 130 568 158L540 169C519 132 495 93 469 70C439 43 409 35 332 35C272 35 241 37 225 50C211 61 211 89 222 149L253 320H350C441 320 443 312 441 239H471L510 434H481C455 366 448 358 360 358H260L303 572C311 613 312 615 348 615H431C509 615 522 603 532 581C544 555 546 531 545 491L574 493C583 555 592 631 593 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.889,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g></svg>GPa</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="15.0221pt" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-3.9083pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.1138 17.1422 15.0221" width="17.1422pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M471 401C471 442 455 448 440 448C421 448 389 439 366 424C314 390 233 331 165 242H163L187 345C193 372 197 393 197 409C197 435 189 448 174 448C146 448 80 408 23 349L40 327C64 351 97 373 107 373C115 373 118 366 111 337L29 -4L36 -12C56 -4 83 3 110 9C123 69 136 126 150 172C227 283 336 381 377 381C392 381 396 370 379 298L326 74C290 -77 273 -172 273 -197C273 -219 316 -261 346 -261L353 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370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z"></path></g></svg>)</span></td><td class="align_center"><svg height="15.0221pt" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-3.9083pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.1138 17.1422 15.0221" width="17.1422pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M471 401C471 442 455 448 440 448C421 448 389 439 366 424C314 390 233 331 165 242H163L187 345C193 372 197 393 197 409C197 435 189 448 174 448C146 448 80 408 23 349L40 327C64 351 97 373 107 373C115 373 118 366 111 337L29 -4L36 -12C56 -4 83 3 110 9C123 69 136 126 150 172C227 283 336 381 377 381C392 381 396 370 379 298L326 74C290 -77 273 -172 273 -197C273 -219 316 -261 346 -261L353 -246C348 -227 352 -174 374 -66L457 310C467 352 471 381 471 401Z"></path></g><g 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style="vertical-align:-0.2064095pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.95639 15.0283 10.1628" width="15.0283pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M170 255C170 288 146 313 114 313S58 288 58 255C58 221 82 198 114 198S170 221 170 255Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,2.964,0)"><path d="M499 88L487 113C459 86 422 65 413 65C403 65 403 74 409 98L461 318C487 426 460 448 431 448C408 448 383 441 352 424C305 398 223 344 157 257H155L243 674C249 702 249 712 240 712C227 712 170 680 87 673L82 648H117C155 648 162 644 150 590L23 -4L30 -12C55 -4 81 3 105 8C113 53 131 150 143 187C199 281 323 387 372 387C390 387 393 369 380 311L328 86C313 19 319 -12 347 -12C379 -12 442 24 499 88Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.672,-5.741)"><path d="M493 373C493 420 472 451 445 451C421 451 400 435 400 410C400 404 402 400 406 394S417 371 417 350C417 259 317 128 256 55H254C260 126 256 262 238 340C219 424 194 451 163 451C128 451 78 413 24 329L52 302C89 353 106 370 121 370C129 370 137 363 147 336C186 231 196 73 184 -16C152 -88 120 -192 112 -238L130 -257C157 -253 213 -227 231 -213C231 -187 234 -77 240 -23C251 -6 277 30 309 69C424 208 493 299 493 373Z"></path></g></svg>)</span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 6.63704ptpx;"><svg height="9.39034pt" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 6.63704 9.39034" width="6.63704pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M478 372C478 418 458 448 431 448C409 448 389 431 389 410C389 404 391 400 394 395C398 388 406 371 406 348C406 253 308 122 251 51H249C254 122 249 257 231 336C212 421 189 448 159 448C126 448 75 412 23 327L48 306C83 354 103 371 115 371C125 371 134 360 144 334C185 224 192 64 183 -19C146 -100 116 -202 110 -244L125 -261C154 -259 208 -234 222 -220C222 -194 225 -84 235 -23C247 -3 273 36 308 79C379 165 478 288 478 372Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><svg height="6.1673pt" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.51131 6.1673" width="7.51131pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M545 106L524 126C493 85 467 65 455 65C438 65 427 113 405 238C448 295 498 362 543 439L533 448L478 435C453 386 423 331 398 295H395C370 404 347 448 282 448C169 448 23 309 23 153C23 54 65 -12 128 -12C203 -12 283 70 339 155H341C360 29 380 -12 411 -12C444 -12 491 11 545 106ZM333 204C265 95 210 54 169 54C137 54 113 96 113 171C113 302 191 405 252 405C301 405 318 306 333 204Z"></path></g></svg><i>/</i>h<sup>-1</sup></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 8.28119ptpx;"><svg height="8.8423pt" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.28119 8.8423" width="8.28119pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M610 18C585 26 567 34 540 68C517 97 499 128 476 171C452 215 425 276 413 304C496 332 570 394 570 494C570 555 545 595 509 619S419 650 364 650H139L133 622C216 615 219 612 203 527L129 132C112 40 105 36 23 28L17 0H279L285 28C199 34 194 40 211 132L239 284H284C320 284 334 275 351 236C374 182 394 140 420 93C459 23 495 -1 592 -8H600L610 18ZM480 485C480 424 449 372 403 342C374 323 338 316 293 316H245L291 562C296 589 301 601 311 608S337 618 358 618C432 618 480 575 480 485Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Nishihara model</td><td class="align_center">2.59</td><td class="align_center">59.63</td><td class="align_center">5625.47</td><td class="align_center">2318.18</td><td class="align_center">1</td><td class="align_center">0</td><td class="align_center">0.9816</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Fractional viscoelastic-plastic model</td><td class="align_center">2.56</td><td class="align_left"></td><td class="align_center">4.47</td><td class="align_center">30.68</td><td class="align_center">0.86</td><td class="align_center">0.74</td><td class="align_center">0.9938</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="8"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Parameters determined by fitting analysis based on creep test of mudstone interlayer <svg height="12.5794pt" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 45.1639 12.5794" width="45.1639pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)"><path d="M548 455L523 469C505 448 490 439 461 439C416 439 374 447 316 447C144 447 23 310 23 161C23 47 89 -12 179 -12C312 -12 429 106 429 244C429 303 419 344 368 386L371 388C404 383 440 378 474 378C507 378 530 411 548 455ZM350 274C350 191 308 25 198 25C144 25 108 75 108 157C108 264 170 395 276 395C296 395 320 384 333 360C347 334 350 316 350 274Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.477,0)"><path d="M531 285V335L57 550V494L473 310L57 127V71L531 285ZM531 -40V10H57V-40H531Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.74,0)"><path d="M548 455L523 469C505 448 490 439 461 439C416 439 374 447 316 447C144 447 23 310 23 161C23 47 89 -12 179 -12C312 -12 429 106 429 244C429 303 419 344 368 386L371 388C404 383 440 378 474 378C507 378 530 411 548 455ZM350 274C350 191 308 25 198 25C144 25 108 75 108 157C108 264 170 395 276 395C296 395 320 384 333 360C347 334 350 316 350 274Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,33.5,3.132)"><path d="M357 391C357 416 325 451 270 451C241 451 179 431 146 400C109 365 97 334 97 307C97 248 143 213 196 180C250 146 261 123 261 101C261 75 237 40 190 40C153 40 110 72 86 109C81 116 68 119 55 112C37 102 24 87 24 66C24 30 85 -12 137 -12C229 -12 331 62 331 140C331 189 304 218 236 260C197 284 164 309 164 346C164 381 194 400 220 400C259 400 282 380 304 350C310 342 321 339 330 344C347 353 357 372 357 391Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.478,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.976,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"></path></g></svg></div>

Geofluids

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: Creep Properties of Mudstone Interlayer in Bedded Salt Rock Energy Storage Based on Multistage Creep Test: A Case Study of Huai’an Salt Mine, Jiangsu Province 

Table 3 | Creep Properties of Mudstone Interlayer in Bedded Salt Rock Energy Storage Based on Multistage Creep Test: A Case Study of Huai’an Salt Mine, Jiangsu Province 