Permeability Predictions for Tight Sandstone Reservoir Using Explainable Machine Learning and Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 2

XGBoost model error index comparison before and after PSO optimization.

Model	Mean RMSE	Mean MSE	Mean MAE
PSO-XGBoost	0.117	0.016	0.094
Benchmark XGBoost	0.143	0.023	0.115