Research Article
Effects of Cavities on Lining Structure behind Cold Zone Tunnels Based on Coupled Thermal Analysis
Table 1
Calculation of thermodynamic parameters of model materials.
| Materials | Specific heat capacity J/kg∙°C | Thermal conductivity W/m∙°C | Coefficient of thermal expansion °C-1 | Density kg/m 3 | Elastic modulus MPa | Poisson’s ratio | Cohesion MPa | Internal friction angle° |
| Surrounding rocks | 698 | 2.26 | | 2000 | 1500 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 34 | Lining | 960 | 3.01 | 0 | 2800 | 32000 | 0.2 | | | Air | 1 | — | — | 1.29 | — | — | | | Water | 4 200 | 0.6 | | 1000 | 2160 | 0.49 | | |
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