Modeling the Viscoelastic Behavior of Quartz and Clay Minerals in Shale by Nanoindentation Creep Tests

Figure 7

Viscoelastic models constructed from spring and dashpot elements to account for the viscoelastic behavior of quartz and clay minerals: (a) three-element Voigt model, (b) Burger’s model, and (c) two-dashpot Kelvin model.

(a)

(b)

(c)