Prediction of Surface Settlement Induced by Large-Diameter Shield Tunneling Based on Machine-Learning Algorithms

Figure 10

Comparison of typical prediction results of surface settlement development in different strata.

(a) Typical prediction results in medium and slightly weathered rock mixed with fracture zone stratum

(b) Typical prediction results in upper soft and lower hard strata

(c) Uneven typical prediction results on the left and right strata

(d) Typical prediction results in completely slightly weathered slate stratum