Rock Deformation Estimated by Groundwater-Level Monitoring: A Case Study at the Xianshuihe Fault, China

Figure 1

(a) Location of the study area (modified from Zhang [5]), (b) hydrogeological map of the study area ( and represent the quaternary, is the Permian, and , , and represent the Lower, Middle, and Upper layers of Triassic, respectively), (c) the simplified diagram about the lithology of ZK01, (d) ZK01, and the site of the crossfault measurements of XF ((1) strike-slip fault; (2) reverse fault and its dip direction; (3) normal fault and its dip direction; (4) Upper Triassic; (5) sea; (6) plate/block movement relative to Eurasia Plate; (7) town; (8) quaternary sediment; (9) road; and (10) , , , and are the crossfault geodetic measuring stations), and (e) the cross-section map of I-I in Figure 1(b) ((11) Upper Triassic, (12) Middle Triassic, (13) alluvium of the Upper Pleistocene–Holecene, (14) Lower Triassic, (15) bedrock fractured zone, and (16) fault) (modified from Zhang [47]).