Research Article

Outcomes of COVID-19 among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Danish Prospective, Population-Based Cohort Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients with chronic liver disease and COVID-19.

Variables

Female, (%)122 (46.7)
Age (years), mean (SD)56.13 (15.8)
BMI (), mean (SD)27.1 (6.1)
Lifestyle
 Smokers (), (%)50 (19.2)
 Current alcohol (), (%)129 (49.4)
 Overuse alcohol, (%)42 (16.1)
Etiology of liver disease
 Hepatitis B, (%)79 (30.3)
 Liver cirrhosis, (%)64 (24.5)
 Alcoholic liver disease, (%)63 (24.1)
 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, (%)52 (19.9)
 Hemochromatosis, (%)23 (8.8)
 Alcoholic liver insufficiency, (%)19 (7.3)
 Chronic liver insufficiency, (%)17 (6.5)
 Hepatitis C, (%)15 (5.7)
 Autoimmune hepatitis, (%)9 (3.4)
 Hepatocellular carcinoma, (%)9 (3.4)
 Primary biliary cholangitis, (%)8 (3.1)
 Alfa-1-antitrypsin deficiency, (%)6 (2.3)
 Wilsons, (%)1 (0.4)
 Primary sclerosing cholangitis, (%)1 (0.4)
 Budd-Chiari, (%)1 (0.4)
Comorbidities
 Obesity, (%)72 (27.6)
 Hypertension, (%)63 (24.1)
 Type 2 diabetes, (%)53 (20.3)
 Cardiac disease, (%)38 (14.6)
 Autoimmune diseases, (%)37 (14.2)
 Chronic pulmonary disease, (%)32 (12.3)
 History of stroke or hemiplegia, (%)15 (5.7)
 Asthma, (%)11 (4.2)
 Localized solid tumor, (%)11 (4.2)
 Chronic kidney disease, (%)9 (3.4)
 Dementia, (%)6 (2.3)
 No comorbidities, (%)99 (37.9)
Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)3.26 (2.5)
Number of hospital admissions in the last 12 months prior to COVID-19 diagnosis, mean (SD)1.0 (2.6)
Hospitalization length (cumulated), median (IQR)13 (3-33.50)
Biochemistry in plasma
 Hemoglobin, mean (SD)8.2 (1.3)
 Platelet (×109/L), mean (SD)219 (97.7)
 ALAT (U/L), mean (SD)40.9 (35.1)
 Albumin (g/dL), mean (SD)34.8 (8.1)
 Bilirubin (μmol/L), mean (SD)17 (29.4)
 INR, mean (SD)1.1 (0.3)
 Creatinine (μmol/L), mean (SD)89.8 (110.7)
 Sodium (mmol/L), mean (SD)137.3 (11)
 C-reactive protein (mg/dL), mean (SD)11.2 (24.6)
Treatment ()
 Specific medication therapy of CLD
  Vitamin B, (%)44 (16.9)
  Furosemide, (%)32 (12.3)
  Spironolactone, (%)29 (11.0)
  Venesection, (%)16 (6.1)
  Antiviral nucleos(t)ide analogues, (%)14 (5.4)
  Propranolol, (%)10 (3.8)
  Nutrients (calcium, vitamin D, zinc, magnesium, etc.), (%)7 (2.7)
  Ursodeoxycholic acid, (%)7 (2.7)
  Rifaximin, (%)6 (2.3)
  Albumin infusion, (%)5 (1.9)
  Ciprofloxacin (SBP prophylaxis), (%)4 (1.5)
  Anticoagulation therapy, (%)3 (1.1)
  Prednisolone, (%)3 (1.1)
  Immune modulation, (%)2 (0.8)