Rat Strain Differences in Susceptibility to Alcohol-Induced Chronic Liver Injury and Hepatic Insulin Resistance

Figure 4

Effects of strain and ethanol exposure on proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and DNA damage in liver: qRT-PCR was used to measure (a) TNF-𝛼, (b) IL-6, and (c) IL-1𝛽 expression, with results normalized to 18S rRNA. (d) Histological sections of liver were immunostained to detect single-stranded (SS) DNA as an index of nuclear DNA damage. Graphs depict the mean ± S.E.M. percentages of labeled hepatocyte nuclei (SS DNA Index). Intergroup comparisons were made using ANOVA with the post hoc Bonferroni multiple comparisons test of significance. Significant 𝑃-values are indicated within the panels. In addition, ^∗𝑃<.05 and ^∗∗∗𝑃<.001 relative to FS Control; 𝜁𝜁𝑃<.01 and 𝜁𝜁𝜁𝑃<.001 relative to FS control and ethanol fed rats; 𝜓𝜓𝜓𝑃<.001 relative to FS ethanol-fed rats.

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