Review Article
Clostridium difficile Infection and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review
Table 1
Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in IBD.
| (1) Medications: | (a) Antibiotics | (i) More common | (1) Clindamycin | (2) Fluoroquinolones | (3) Broad spectrum penicillin | (4) Broad spectrum cephalosporins | (ii) Less common | (1) Metronidazole | (2) Vancomycin | (b) Corticosteroid use | (2) Disease related: | (a) Disease subtype: ulcerative colitis versus Crohn’s disease | (b) Colonic involvement in IBD | (3) Hospitalization and exposure to hospital personnel | (4) Nonsummer months (20% higher rate) | (5) Advanced age | (6) Residence at long-term care facility |
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