Clostridium difficile Infection and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review

Table 1

Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in IBD.

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(1) Medications:

 (a) Antibiotics

   (i) More common

   (1) Clindamycin

   (2) Fluoroquinolones

   (3) Broad spectrum penicillin

   (4) Broad spectrum cephalosporins

  (ii) Less common

   (1) Metronidazole

   (2) Vancomycin

 (b) Corticosteroid use

(2) Disease related:

 (a) Disease subtype: ulcerative colitis versus Crohn’s disease

 (b) Colonic involvement in IBD

(3) Hospitalization and exposure to hospital personnel

(4) Nonsummer months (20% higher rate)

(5) Advanced age

(6) Residence at long-term care facility

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