Swallowing in Parkinson Patients versus Healthy Controls: Reliability of Measurements in Videofluoroscopy

Table 3

(a) Reliability of the temporal variables (quantitative assessment), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)^a. (b) Reliability of the spatial-temporal variables (hyoid motion), ICC^a. (c) Reliability of the visuoperceptual variables (qualitative assessment), Cohen’s Kappa.

(a)

Temporal variable	Intrarater test-retest reliability (ICC)		Interrater reliability; (ICC)
	Rater 1	Rater 2
GPJ opening	—	—	—
GPJ closure	0.4	0.8	—
GPJ duration	0.4	0.8	—
VPJ closure	0.6	0.8	0.7
VPJ opening	1.0	1.0	0.7
VPJ duration	0.9	1.0	0.7
LV closure	0.9	0.9	0.9
LV opening	0.9	0.6	1.0
LV duration	1.0	0.7	0.9
UES opening	0.4	0.5	—
UES closure	0.6	0.8	0.8
UES duration	0.7	0.8	−0.1
GPJo_LVc	0.9	0.9	0.9
GPJo_UESo	0.4	0.9	—
GPJo_UESc	0.6	0.8	−0.02
Aspiration or penetration	—	—	—

^aSingle measures ICC, Cronbach’s alpha >0.65.

(b)

Spatial-temporal variable	Intrarater test-retest reliability (ICC)		Interrater reliability; (ICC)
	Rater 1	Rater 2
Maximum horizontal (anterior) hyoid motion.	0.9	0.6	—
Maximum vertical hyoid motion.	0.8	0.9	0.8
Duration between initiation of swallow and moment of maximum horizontal (anterior) hyoid motion.	0.9	0.9	0.9
Duration between initiation of swallow and moment of maximum vertical hyoid motion.	0.6	0.7	0.9

^aSingle measures ICC, Cronbach’s alpha >0.65.

(c)

Visuoperceptual variable	Intrarater test-retest reliability		Interrater reliability
	Cohen’s Kappa		Cohen’s Kappa
	Rater 1	Rater 2	Rater 1-2
Preswallow anterior spill	—	—	—
Preswallow posterior spill	1.0	1.0	—
Lingual pumping	1.0	1.0	0.6
Swallow hesitancy	1.0	—	—
Piecemeal deglutition	1.0	1.0	0.9
Delayed initiation pharyngeal reflex	0.8	1.0	0.3
Postswallow oral residue	0.6	0.7	—
Postswallow vallecular pooling	0.9	0.9	0.6
Postswallow pyriform sinus pooling	0.8	1.0	0.6
Penetration aspiration [20]	1.0	—	—