Model for Electrical Field Distribution in the Human Esophagus during Stimulation with Patch and Ring Electrodes

Table 1

For simplicity and as a first approach, the model assumed isotropic conditions.

Impedance and electrical field volume	Ring	Ring	Ring	Patch	Patch	Patch
Electrode design
Interelectrode distance [mm]/volume (mL)	2/−	10/−	20/−	10/2	10/4	10/5
Experimental Impedance (kΩ)	𝟐.𝟒𝟏±𝟎.𝟏𝟐	𝟐.𝟖𝟗±𝟎.𝟐𝟓	𝟐.𝟗𝟓±𝟎.𝟐𝟓	𝟏.𝟑𝟔±𝟐𝟔	𝟏.𝟒𝟔±𝟎.𝟑𝟏	𝟏.𝟏𝟏±𝟎.𝟎𝟓
Computed Impedance (kΩ)	𝟎.𝟗𝟒±𝟎.𝟎𝟏	𝟏.𝟎𝟓±𝟎.𝟎𝟏	𝟏.𝟎𝟖±𝟎.𝟎𝟏	𝟎.𝟖𝟔±𝟎.𝟎𝟏	𝟎.𝟖𝟏±𝟎.𝟎𝟏	𝟎.𝟕𝟗±𝟎.𝟎𝟏
Sensory threshold (mA)	13	8	4	14	12	12
Pain detection threshold (mA)	26	22	14	29	22	21
Computed electrical field volume for the mucosa
At the sensory threshold (mm^3)	276	626	419	697	557	647
At the pain detection threshold (mm^3)	388	793	971	1102	880	1104
Computed electrical field volume for the muscle
At the sensory threshold (mm^3)	898	2759	1249	2739	2318	2631
At the pain detection threshold (mm^3)	1551	3681	4504	4437	3701	4536