Review Article
Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Respiratory Diseases
Table 1
Biomarkers studied in gastroesophageal reflux with respiratory illnesses.
| Biosample | Serum | Sputum | Bronchoalveolar lavage | Exhaled air | Exhaled breath condensate |
| Studies found | 22 | 34 | 71 | 7 | 16 | Studies reviewed | 2 | 11 | 21 | 4 | 8 | Biomarkers studied | Eosinophil cationic protein | Bile acids | Pepsin | Bile acids | Pepsin | FeNO | Pepsin | | Neurotrophin 3 | LLMI | IL-4, IL-6 | LLMI | IL-1, IL-8, IL-15 | | IL-4, IL-6 | | BDNF | Substance P | Neurokinin A | IFN-gamma | Myeloperoxidase | | 8-Isoprostane | | Nerve growth factor | Nerve growth factor | Mast cell tryptase | Lactate dehydrogenase | Protein carbonyls | | pH | | | 8-Isoprostane | Histamine | DPPC | SP-A, SP-D | | Calcium | | | Prostaglandin D2 | Fibrinogen | Elastase | pH | | Magnesium | | | Eosinophil cationic protein | | | | | Chloride |
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