Prediction and Treatment of Difficult Cases in Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Figure 3

The change of ESD knife and forceps and learning curve for colorectal ESD. The rates of difficult cases in view of procedure time and perforation cases, tumor size, and procedure speed in 5 periods according to the experiences of colorectal ESD. With respect to the endoscopists’ experience, the rates of difficult cases and perforation decreased with more experience.