Neurostimulation for Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction

Table 1

Results of sacral anterior root stimulation in patients with spinal cord injury and bowel dysfunction. As illustrated endpoints vary between studies with some lacking well-defined endpoint for bowel function.

	Patients; (𝑛)	Median followup; (years)	Patients using SARS for defecation; (𝑛)	Frequency of defecation with use of SARS; (median or compared to preoperative)	Time used for defecation with use of SARS; (median or compared to preoperative)	Patients with complete evacuation using SARS; (𝑛)
Binnie et al. [18]	10	2.6	10	5.5/week		—
Brindley [75]	50	3.8	—	Increased		Improved
Brindley and Rushton [76]	50	6.8	27	—	Decreased	—
Creasey et al. [77]	17	1	17	4/week	12 min*
Egon et al. [78]	68	5.4	51	—	Reduced in all	21
Kerrebroeck et al. [24]	184	—	110	—	—	36
MacDonagh et al. [19]	12	2.2	12	8.3	28.9 min*	6
Madersbacher and Fischer [79]	7	0.5–2	2	—	—	1
Kutzenberger et al. [80]	440	6.6	401	4.9/week
Sarrias et al. [81]	7	—	7	—	—	4
Valle^‵s et al. [82]	18	12	18	8.2/week	Decreased	8
Varma et al. [17]	5	1.2	—	—	—	Not improved
Vastenholt et al. [83]	37	7	22	—	Decreased
van der Aa et al. [84]	37	0.25–13	27	Increased	Decreased