EUS-Assisted Evaluation of Rectal Varices before Banding
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and endoscopic and EUS findings.
Headings
Case
Case
Case
Case
Case
Age/sex
35/M
40/F
50/M
38/F
23/M
Cause of portal hypertension
Cirrhosis (HCV)
Cirrhosis (HBV)
EHPVO, Cirrhosis (HBV)
EHPVO
Cirrhosis (alcohol)
Presenting symptom
LGIB 1st episode
LGIB 1st episode
LGIB 1st episode
Persistent LGIB after hemorrhoidectomy
Recurrent LGIB
Endoscopy finding
Tortuous varices
Tortuous varices
Tortuous varices
Normal rectal mucosa with presence of fresh blood
Appearance of Dieulafoy’s ulcer
EUS findings
(a) Inflow zone—size and number
3-4 (mm)/one
3-4 (mm)/one
2-3 (mm)/one
3-4 (mm)/one
3-4 (mm)/one
(b) Downflow zone—size and number
2-3/multiple
2-3/multiple
2-3/multiple
2-3/multiple
2-3/multiple
(c) Outflow zone (LR)—size and number
1-2/multiple
1-2/multiple
1-2/multiple
1-2/multiple
1-2/multiple
(d) Outflow zone—anal canal and number
Absent
Absent
~1 mm/multiple
Absent
~1 mm/multiple
HBV: hepatitis B virus, HCV: hepatitis C virus, inflow zone = 8–10 cm distance from anal verge, downflow zone = 6–8 cm distance from anal verge, outflow zone—upper rectum = 4–6 cm from anal verge, Outflow zone—anal canal = 1–4 cm from anal verge, LR: lower rectum.
