Characteristics of the Small Bowel Lesions Detected by Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the CKD and non-CKD patients.

	CKD patients	Non-CKD patients	P value
Number	42	132
Bleeding pattern
Overt	24	74	0.90
Occult	18	58
Demographic and behavioral characteristics
Age, y	68.2 ± 10.5	68.3 ± 11.3	0.88
Sex, male/female	25/17	80/52	0.90
Drinking history (%)	12 (28.6)	48 (36.4)	0.35
Smoking history (%)	17 (40.5)	46 (34.8)	0.11
Blood transfusion (%)	20 (47.6)	38 (28.8)	0.02
Minimum Hb value, g/dl	7.9 ± 2.0	9.1 ± 2.9	0.01
Comorbidity, number (%)
Hypertension	36 (85.7)	69 (52.3)	<0.001
Diabetes	18 (42.9)	21 (15.9)	<0.001
Coronary artery disease	20 (47.6)	32 (24.2)	0.004
Cerebral infarction	6 (14.3)	12 (9.1)	0.34
Liver cirrhosis	2 (4.8)	9 (6.8)	0.83
Medication history, number (%)
Warfarin	8 (19.0)	12 (9.1)	0.08
LDA	26 (61.9)	43 (32.6)	<0.001
Thienopyridine	6 (14.3)	12 (9.1)	0.34
Cilostazol	2 (4.8)	4 (3.0)	0.59
NSAIDs	2 (4.8)	14 (10.6)	0.25
H2-blockers	13 (30.1)	36 (27.3)	0.64
PPIs	14 (33.3)	44 (33.3)	>0.99
Rebamipide	11 (26.2)	26 (19.7)	0.80

CKD: chronic kidney disease; Hb: hemoglobin; LDA: low-dose aspirin; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; H2-blockers: histamine H2 receptor antagonists; PPIs: proton pump inhibitors.
Alcohol history was defined as positive if the subject’s alcohol consumption exceeded 20 g/day. Smoking history was defined as positive if the subject had smoked more than 10-pack years and was still smoking or had quit within the past 10 years. History of antiplatelet drug and/or NSAID use was defined as positive if the patient had been taking at least 1 pill per day for more than 1 week within 1 month prior to the CE. History of anticoagulant drug use was defined as positive if the patient had been taking at least 1 pill per day within one week prior to the CE.
P values were calculated using the chi-squared test or unpaired t-test.