Increased Risk for Vitamin D Deficiency in Obese Children with Both Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes
Table 1
A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the subjects and controls.
Parameters
Controls
CD + T1D
CD only
T1D only
P value
Number of subjects
49
22
18
22
Age (years)
0.009
Sex: males (%)
57.1 (28/49)
27.3 (6/22)
44.4% (8/18)
54.5% (12/22)
Weight SDS
0.067
Height SDS
0.095
BMI SDS
0.042
25(OH)D nmol/L
0.123
25(OH)D <50 nmol/L
9/49 (18.4%)
6/22 (27.3%)
4/18 (22.2%)
3/22 (13.6%)
0.699
BMI > 85th percentile (%)
57.1% (28/49)
22.7% (5/22)
44.4% (8/18)
32.7% (7/22)
Race: white including Hispanics (%)
89.8% (44/49)
95.5% (21/22)
88.9% (16/18)
95.5% (21/22)
Season (winter + spring)
65.3% (32/49)
54.5% (12/22)
50% (9/18)
40.9% (9/22)
CD: celiac disease; T1D: type 1 diabetes; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI: body mass index; SDS: standard deviation score; value calculated using Chi square for proportions; and ANOVA for means of continuous values. All values expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
