Proanthocyanidin from Grape Seed Extracts Protects Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Mucosal Injury

Table 1

The incidence of indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulcers.

	Null control	Indo control	Indo + GSPE (L)	Indo + GSPE (H)	𝑃 value
	(𝑛=3)	(𝑛=5)	(𝑛=5)	(𝑛=5)
Ulcer	0	5 (100%)	0	1 (20%)	0.02
Blood in lumen	0	1 (20%)	0	0

Indo: indomethacin; GSPEs (L): grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts low dose 100 mg/kg; GSPEs (H): grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts high dose 300 mg/kg.