Ginger and Its Constituents: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Table 3

Beneficial effects of ginger and its constituents in GI cancer patients.

Effects	Reference
Decrease the gastric dysrhythmia and reduce the delayed nausea of chemotherapy	[51]
Inhibit COX and decrease PGE2 concentrations in colorectal cancer; Decrease the incidence and multiplicity of adenomas	[52]
Increase the lymphocyte counts in colorectal cancer patients	[53]
Reduce proliferation (hTERT, MIB-1) and differentiation (p21waf1/cip1) in colon cancer	[54]
Decrease the hTERT, MIB-1, and Bax expression in the whole crypts of colon	[55]
Decrease COX-1 protein expression in participants at increased risk for colorectal cancer	[56]
Decrease the mean percent change in PGE-2 and 5-HETE levels in colorectal cancer	[57]
Inhibit CYP450, 1-aminobenzotriazole, and aldo-keto reductase in human liver microsomes	[14]
Prevent the formation of M14 and M15 and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in human liver microsomes	[14]