Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Meta-Analysis

Table 4

The infection rate of CagA- or VacA-positive H. pylori in HG cases and controls.

First author, year	Region	Number of cases	Number of controls	Number of cases with CagA- and/or VacA-positive H. pylori, (%)	Number of controls with CagA- and/or VacA-positive H. pylori, (%)	OR (95% CI)
Xia, 2004 [29]	Asia	72	100	50 (69.4%)	14 (14%)	13.96 (6.56, 29.71)
Vikanes, 2013 [43]	Europe	62	108	21 (33.9%)	44 (40.8)	0.75 (0.39, 1.43)

CagA: cytotoxin-associated gene A product; VacA: vacuolating cytotoxin A; HG: hyperemesis gravidarum; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.