Somatostatin Analogs in the Medical Management of Occult Bleeding of the Lower Digestive Tract

Table 1

Published studies, case series, and meta-analysis assessing the efficacy and safety of somatostatin analogs for the treatment of bleeding from the lower digestive tract.

Study	Design	Number of patients	Treatment	Comparator	Mean followup	Primary outcome	Results	Adverse events
Nardone et al., 1999 [16]	Prospective cohort study	17	Octreotide 100 g every 8 hours for 6 months	Pretreatment	12 months	Hemoglobin levels, blood transfusions	Effective	Not reported
Orsi et al., 2001 [17]	Case series	3	OCT-LAR 20 mg monthly for 12 months	Pretreatment	16 months	Hemoglobin levels, blood transfusions, bleeding episodes	Effective	None
Junquera et al., 2007 [19]	Prospective cohort study	32	Octreotide 50 g every 12 hours; for 12–24 months	Placebo arm of another study	13 months	Acute or chronic bleeding, fecal occult blood, iron deficiency anemia	Effective	Diarrhea (30%); Abdominal pain (10%); Cholestasis (10%); Hyperglycemia (10%); Hypertriglyceridemia (6.6%); Cerebrovascular accidents (3.3%)
Scaglione et al., 2007 [13]	Prospective cohort study	13	OCT-LAR 10 mg monthly for 12 months	Pretreatment	33 months	Hemoglobin levels, blood transfusions, fecal occult blood	Effective	Mild diarrhea (1/13)
Brown et al., 2010 [20]	Meta-analysis	62	Octreotide or OCT-LAR, various doses	Placebo arm of another study	Various	Clinical response to treatment, blood transfusions	Effective	Not reported
Bon et al., 2012 [21]	Prospective cohort study	15	OCT-LAR 20 mg monthly or lanreotide 90 mg monthly for more than 6 months	Pretreatment	14 months	Hemoglobin levels, blood transfusions, bleeding episodes	Effective	Not reported
Salgueiro et al., 2014 [22]	Retrospective cohort study	16	OCT-LAR 10–20 mg monthly for at least 12 months	Pretreatment	12 months	Blood transfusions, hospital admissions	Effective	Gallstones (1/16 receiving OCT-LAR 20 mg); Splenic infarct (1/16 receiving OCT-LAR 20 mg)
Nardone et al., 2014 [23]	Retrospective cohort study	98	OCT-LAR 20 mg for 6 months	Pretreatment	78 months	Hemoglobin levels, blood transfusion, hospital admissions	Effective	Self-limiting diarrhea; Impaired glucose tolerance (1%); Cholestasis (1%)