Constipation and Laxative Use among Nursing Home Patients: Prevalence and Associations Derived from the Residents Assessment Instrument for Long-Term Care Facilities (interRAI LTCF)
Table 4
Associations between laxative use and clinical health problems, medical diagnoses, and medications.
Variables
Univariable logistic regression1 OR (95% CI)4
value
Multivariable logistic regression OR2 (95% CI)
value
Mixed effects logistic regression3 OR (95% CI)
value
Age (years)
0.99 (0.96–1.03)
0.731
1.01 (0.97–1.05)
0.529
1.01 (0.97–1.05)
0.541
Gender (female)
1.36 (0.79–2.33)
0.265
1.42 (0.74–2.73)
0.288
1.38 (0.70–2.72)
0.346
BMI5
1.02 (0.97–1.08)
0.443
Length of stay (years)
1.14 (1.00–1.29)
0.046
1.04 (0.89–1.22)
0.579
1.05 (0.89–1.23)
0.573
CPS (scale 0–6)
1.13 (0.98–1.32)
0.101
Locomotion
0 = walking with/without help
3.25 (1.60–6.60)
0.001
1.74 (0.65–4.68)
0.269
1.61 (0.56–4.65)
0.378
1 = wheelchair/bedridden
Urinary incontinence (scale 0–4)
1.21 (1.03–1.41)
0.020
1.06 (0.81–1.39)
0.646
1.05 (0.80–1.39)
0.711
ADL5 long form (scale 0–28)
1.07 (1.03–1.10)
<0.001
1.03 (0.97–1.09)
0.325
1.03 (0.97–1.09)
0.310
Time involved in activities
No time
Reference
Reference
Reference
<1/3 of daytime
0.31 (0.11–0.88)
0.028
0.39 (0.12–1.26)
0.117
0.39 (0.12–1.29)
0.122
≥1/3 to 2/3 of daytime
0.23 (0.08–0.33)
0.006
0.28 (0.08–0.93)
0.037
0.28 (0.08–0.95)
0.042
>2/3 of daytime
0.25 (0.08–0.79)
0.017
0.38 (0.10–1.46)
0.159
0.36 (0.09–1.47)
0.155
Opiates
3.62 (1.69–7.76)
0.001
1.33 (0.55–3.24)
0.529
1.42 (0.55–3.66)
0.472
Antidementia drugs
0.22 (0.07–0.68)
0.008
0.17 (0.05–0.66)
0.010
0.17 (0.04–0.68)
0.012
Number of drugs
1.17 (1.07–1.28)
0.000
1.23 (1.09–1.39)
0.001
1.24 (1.09–1.41)
0.001
COMM5 (Scale 0–8)
1.17 (1.04–1.31)
0.008
1.22 (1.03–1.45)
0.023
1.23 (1.03–1.48)
0.025
Stroke
2.77 (1.17–6.53)
0.020
2.00 (0.74–5.38)
0.170
2.10 (0.75–5.88)
0.158
Parkinson’s disease
6.22 (0.79–48.67)
0.082
8.32 (0.72–95.76)
0.089
8.29 (0.69–99.58)
0.095
Type of food
0 = regular
2.18 (1.03–4.61)
0.042
0.72 (0.28–1.85)
0.496
0.75 (0.28–1.97)
0.555
1 = soft/liquid
Fecal incontinence
1.69 (0.99–2.90)
0.054
0.55 (0.22–1.35)
0.191
0.56 (0.22–1.41)
0.219
Univariable logistic regression performed with laxative use as dependent variable and explored by a range of covariates. 2Multiple logistic regression, covariates selected by direct variable selection with and/or the highest impact (Log likelihood, McFadden’s ) on laxative use in the univariable logistic regression analyses. 3Mixed effect logistic regression, NH units defined as grouping variable (cluster) to investigate the impact of NH units, and whether the grouping of data significantly affected the results. The estimated intracluster correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.031. The likelihood ratio test for testing if the data required a multilevel model resulted in meaning that a multilevel model will not significantly improve the analyses of the data. 4Results are presented as odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and values. 5CPS = Cognitive Performance Scale, ADL = activity of daily living, COMM = Communication Scale.
