Recognition Accuracy Using 3D Endoscopic Images for Superficial Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Crossover Study

Table 2

The degree of certainty of Study 1 (average ± SD).

(a) Tumor extent

(b) Morphology of tumor surface

(c) MSS or/and MVS

(d) Comprehensive recognition

2D

3D

2D

3D

2D

3D

2D

3D

All observers

3.26 ± 1.20

3.70 ± 1.00

<0.01

3.24 ± 1.18

3.93 ± 1.03

<0.01

3.17 ± 1.14

3.58 ± 1.01

<0.01

3.08 ± 1.15

3.60 ± 0.96

<0.01

Experts

3.63 ± 1.18

3.85 ± 1.07

<0.05

3.93 ± 0.95

4.25 ± 0.87

<0.01

3.83 ± 1.00

3.90 ± 0.98

0.180

3.68 ± 1.06

3.87 ± 0.96

0.064

Trainees

3.45 ± 1.12

3.70 ± 0.98

<0.05

3.33 ± 1.03

3.88 ± 1.12

<0.01

3.33 ± 0.91

3.60 ± 0.82

<0.05

3.28 ± 1.04

3.66 ± 0.85

<0.01

Novices

2.71 ± 1.12

3.55 ± 0.92

<0.01

2.46 ± 1.05

3.68 ± 1.00

<0.01

2.35 ± 0.96

3.23 ± 1.10

<0.01

2.29 ± 0.87

3.28 ± 0.97

<0.01