Disease Treatment and duration Observations Reference Alcoholic cirrhosis patients, VSL#3 treatment for 3 months Reduced plasma ALT, AST, and GGT levels; normalized plasma TNF-α , IL-6, and IL-10 levels; and decreased MDA, 4-HNE, and S-NO levels [40 ] Alcoholic cirrhosis patients, Lactobacillus casei Shirota for 4 weeks of treatmentNormalized phagocytic capacity, decreased TLR4, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, and IL10 levels [41 ] Alcoholic cirrhosis patients, Escherichia coli Nissle for 42 days of treatmentImprovement in intestinal colonization, restored microflora in feces, and reduced endotoxin levels in blood [43 ] Alcoholic cirrhosis patients, A mixture of different lactic acid bacteria strains treated for 2 months Positive effects on ecological balance of enteric commensals, reduced ALT, γ -GT, and TNF-α levels [39 ] Patients with alcoholic psychosis and liver disease, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum 8PA3 for 5 days of treatmentIncreased numbers of both Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli ; reduction in ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, and total bilirubin [23 ] Alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy patients VSL#3 treatment for 6 months Reduced risk of hospitalization for HE (hepatic encephalopathy), improved CTP (Child-Turcotte-Pugh) and MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) scores [42 ]
