Optimal Bowel Preparation for Video Capsule Endoscopy

Table 3

Definitions of optimal bowel preparation of VCE among studies with PEG.

Author; (year, area)	Design	Number	Quality of bowel preparation
Viazis et al. [6]; (2004, Greece)	Prospective RCT	80	Clean: if <25% of the mucosal surface was covered by food debris or intestinal contents; Adequate: if the objective score <10%
van Tuyl et al. [7]; (2007, Netherlands)	Prospective RCT	60	Good visibility: visualization ≥75% of the mucosa; Poor visibility: visualization <75%
Endo et al. [8]; (2008, Japan)	Prospective RCT	59	Percentage of visualized bowel surface area; 1, <25%; 2, 25–49%; 3, 50–74%; 4, 75–89%; and 5, >90%
Wi et al. [9]; (2009, Korea)	Prospective RCT	99	Clean: if <25% of the mucosal surface was covered by food debris or intestinal contents, concentrated bile, and intraluminal gas; Adequate: if the objective score <10%
Rey et al. [10]; (2009, France)	Prospective RCT	116	Excellent (score 4): imaging of excellent quality, all small lesions, and minor changes of the mucosa could be detected; Diagnostic (score 3): imaging of sufficient quality to make an accurate diagnosis; Acceptable (score 2): the imaging quality allows detection of only gross disease, and some small lesions could be missed; Nondiagnostic (score 1): quality of imaging is poor; it is difficult to make a reliable final diagnosis
Park et al. [11]; (2011, Korea)	Prospective RCT	43	Proportion of visualized mucosa; Score 3, ≥75%; score 2, 50–75%; score 1, 25–50%; score 0, <25%; Extent of obscuration by bubbles, debris and bile, and so forth.; Score 3, <5%; score 2, 5–25%; score 1, 25–50%; score 0, ≥50%
Ito et al. [12]; (2012, Japan)	Prospective RCT	42	Percentage of visualized bowel surface area; 1, <25%; 2, 25–49%; 3, 50–74%; 4, 75–89%; and 5, >90%
Rosa et al. [13]; (2013, Portugal)	Prospective RCT	60	Excellent: if an ideal visualization of the small bowel mucosa was achieved; Good: if >75% of the mucosa was in perfect condition; Fair: if only 50%–75% of the mucosa was under perfect conditions; Poor: if <50% of the mucosa could be observed; Adequate: excellent or good preparation
Dai et al. [14]; (2005, Switzerland)	Prospective blinded nonrandomized trial	61	Percentage of visualized bowel wall; 1, <25%; 2, 25–49%; 3, 50–75%; 4, >75%
Ben-Soussan et al. [15]; (2005, France)	Retrospective study	42	The presence of biliary secretion, air bubbles, and residue; 1, poor; 2, fair, 3, good; 4, excellent

PEG: polyethylene glycol, VCE: video capsule endoscopy, and RCT: randomized-controlled trial. PEG 500 mL.