Table of Contents Author Guidelines Submit a Manuscript
Table of Contents Alerts

To receive news and publication updates for Gastroenterology Research and Practice, enter your email address in the box below.

Gastroenterology Research and Practice
Volume 2016, Article ID 7476231, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7476231
Research Article

Clinical Impact of Viral Load on the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver-Related Mortality in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Ran Noh, Doo Hyuck Lee, Byoung Woon Kwon, Yong Hyun Kim, Suk Bae Kim, and Il Han Song

Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 330-715, Republic of Korea

Received 13 March 2016; Revised 15 July 2016; Accepted 3 August 2016

Academic Editor: Kerstin Schütte

Copyright © 2016 Ran Noh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

  1. T. Poynard, P. Bedossa, and P. Opolon, “Natural history of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C,” The Lancet, vol. 349, no. 9055, pp. 825–832, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  2. J. F. Perz, G. L. Armstrong, L. A. Farrington, Y. J. F. Hutin, and B. P. Bell, “The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 529–538, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  3. M. I. Memon and M. A. Memon, “Hepatitis C: an epidemiological review,” Journal of Viral Hepatitis, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 84–100, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  4. G. M. Lauer and B. D. Walker, “Hepatitis C virus infection,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 345, no. 1, pp. 41–52, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  5. M.-S. Lee, D.-H. Kim, H. Kim et al., “Hepatitis B vaccination and reduced risk of primary liver cancer among male adults: a cohort study in Korea,” International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 316–319, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  6. Y.-C. Chien, C.-F. Jan, H.-S. Kuo, and C.-J. Chen, “Nationwide hepatitis B vaccination program in Taiwan: effectiveness in the 20 years after it was launched,” Epidemiologic Reviews, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 126–135, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  7. Korean National Statistical Office, Annual Report on the Causes of Death Statistics, Korean National Statistical Office, Seoul, South Korea, 2010 (Korean).
  8. C.-J. Chen, H.-I. Yang, J. Su et al., “Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA Level,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 295, no. 1, pp. 65–73, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  9. G. Chen, W. Lin, F. Shen, U. H. Iloeje, W. T. London, and A. A. Evans, “Past HBV viral load as predictor of mortality and morbidity from HCC and chronic liver disease in a prospective study,” American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 101, no. 8, pp. 1797–1803, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  10. M.-F. Yuen, Y. Tanaka, D. Y.-T. Fong et al., “Independent risk factors and predictive score for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 80–88, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  11. J.-D. Chen, H.-I. Yang, U. H. Iloeje et al., “Carriers of inactive hepatitis B virus are still at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death,” Gastroenterology, vol. 138, no. 5, pp. 1747–1754, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  12. J. Liu, H.-I. Yang, M.-H. Lee et al., “Spontaneous seroclearance of hepatitis B seromarkers and subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma,” Gut, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 1648–1657, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  13. J. Bruix, M. Sherman, J. M. Llovet et al., “Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL Conference,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 421–430, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  14. J. Bruix and M. Sherman, “Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update,” Hepatology, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 1020–1022, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  15. S. Ishiguro, M. Inoue, Y. Tanaka, M. Mizokami, M. Iwasaki, and S. Tsugane, “Impact of viral load of hepatitis C on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based cohort study (JPHC Study),” Cancer Letters, vol. 300, no. 2, pp. 173–179, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  16. M.-H. Lee, H.-I. Yang, S.-N. Lu et al., “Hepatitis C virus seromarkers and subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term predictors from a community-based cohort study,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 28, no. 30, pp. 4587–4593, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  17. C. A. Sun, H. Farzadegan, S. L. You et al., “Mutual confounding and interactive effects between hepatitis C and hepatitis B viral infections in hepatocellular carcinogenesis: a population-based case-control study in Taiwan,” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 173–178, 1996. View at Google Scholar
  18. S. C. Yates, M. Hafez, M. Beld et al., “Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with and without a history of hepatitis B virus infection: association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but not with HCV RNA level,” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 714–720, 1999. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  19. C. Duvoux, J.-M. Pawlotsky, A. Bastie, D. Cherqui, C.-J. Soussy, and D. Dhumeaux, “Low HCV replication levels in end-stage hepatitis C virus-related liver disease,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 593–597, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  20. M. Ikeda, S. Fujiyama, M. Tanaka et al., “Risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C after sustained response to interferon,” Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 148–156, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  21. C.-M. Lee, C.-H. Hung, S.-N. Lu et al., “Viral etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and HCV genotypes in Taiwan,” Intervirology, vol. 49, no. 1-2, pp. 76–81, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  22. K. Ikeda, M. Kobayashi, T. Someya et al., “Influence of hepatitis C virus subtype on hepatocellular carcinogenesis: a multivariate analysis of a retrospective cohort of 593 patients with cirrhosis,” Intervirology, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 71–78, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  23. S. Bruno, E. Silini, A. Crosignani et al., “Hepatitis C virus genotypes and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a prospective study,” Hepatology, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 754–758, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  24. E. Silini, R. Bottelli, M. Asti et al., “Hepatitis C virus genotypes and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a case-control study,” Gastroenterology, vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 199–205, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  25. E. J. Cho, S. H. Jeong, B. H. Han, S. U. Lee, B. C. Yun, and E. T. Park, “Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and the influence of HCV subtype 1b on the progression of chronic hepatitis C in Korea: a single center experience,” Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 219–224, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  26. A. Mangia, I. Cascavilla, G. Lezzi et al., “HCV genotypes in patients with liver disease of different stages and severity,” Journal of Hepatology, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1173–1178, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  27. H. Yotsuyanagi, K. Koike, K. Yasuda et al., “Hepatitis C virus genotypes and development of hepatocellular carcinoma,” Cancer, vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 1352–1355, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  28. A. Craxì and C. Cammà, “Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma,” Clinics in Liver Disease, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 329–346, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  29. H. Yoshida, R. Tateishi, Y. Arakawa et al., “Benefit of interferon therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma prevention for individual patients with chronic hepatitis C,” Gut, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 425–430, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  30. S. Bruno, T. Stroffolini, M. Colombo et al., “Sustained virological response to interferon-α is associated with improved outcome in HCV-related cirrhosis: a retrospective study,” Hepatology, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 579–587, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  31. Y. Shiratori, Y. Ito, O. Yokosuka et al., “Antiviral therapy for cirrhotic hepatitis C: association with reduced hepatocellular carcinoma development and improved survival,” Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 142, no. 2, pp. 105–114, 2005. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  32. A. S. Lok, J. E. Everhart, E. C. Wright et al., “Maintenance peginterferon therapy and other factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with advanced hepatitis C,” Gastroenterology, vol. 140, no. 3, pp. 840–849, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  33. J. Bruix, T. Poynard, M. Colombo et al., “Maintenance therapy with peginterferon alfa-2b does not prevent hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C,” Gastroenterology, vol. 140, no. 7, pp. 1990–1999, 2011. View at Google Scholar
  34. P. Michielsen, E. Ho, and S. Francque, “Does antiviral therapy reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C?” Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 65–79, 2012. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  35. A. J. van der Meer, B. J. Veldt, J. J. Feld et al., “Association between sustained virological response and all-cause mortality among patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced hepatic fibrosis,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 308, no. 24, pp. 2584–2593, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  36. A. G. Singal, M. L. Volk, D. Jensen, A. M. Di Bisceglie, and P. S. Schoenfeld, “A sustained viral response is associated with reduced liver-related morbidity and mortality in patients with hepatitis C virus,” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 280–288.e1, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  37. J. Shindoh, K. Hasegawa, Y. Matsuyama et al., “Low hepatitis c viral load predicts better long-term outcomes in patients undergoing resection of hepatocellular carcinoma irrespective of serologic eradication of hepatitis c virus,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 766–773, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  38. M. E. Cramp, W. M. Rosenberg, S. D. Ryder, S. Blach, and J. Parkes, “Modelling the impact of improving screening and treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection on future hepatocellular carcinoma rates and liver-related mortality,” BMC Gastroenterology, vol. 14, article 137, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus