Review Article

Capsule Endoscopy for Portal Hypertensive Enteropathy

Table 1

Classifications of endoscopic abnormalities in patients with portal hypertensive enteropathy.

YearFirst authorClassification

2005De Palma [9]Inflammatory-like lesions (grade 1)
 Edema, erythema, granularity, friability, and/or spontaneous bleeding
Vascular lesions (grade 2)
 Cherry-red spots, telangiectasias, angiodysplasia-like lesions, and varices

2008Kodama [11]Villous lesions
 Edema of villi
 Atrophy of villi
 Reddening of villi
Vascular lesions
 Angiodysplasia-like lesions
  Red spots, vascular spiders, and lymphoid follicles with dilated vessels
 Dilated/proliferated vessels
  Tree-like dilated vessels and coil-like fine vessels
 Varices

2010Abdelaal [10]Red spots
Angioectasias
Small bowel varices
Inflammatory-like lesions