Endoscopic Management of the Difficult Bile Duct Stones: A Single Tertiary Center Experience
Table 2
Comparison of groups that underwent periodic endobiliary stenting.
Variable
Successful (n = 128)
Unsuccessful (n = 22)
p value
Age (year)
67.8 ± 17.4
61 ± 15.2
0.052
Gender: women/men; n (%)
99 (77.3)/29 (22.7)
19 (86.4)/3 (13.6)
0.340
Glucose (mg/dL)
114 ± 34.2
111 ± 37.9
0.314
Laboratory findings
ALT (U/L)
72.9 ± 70.7
53.4 ± 62.4
0.082
AST (U/L)
70.9 ± 76.5
48.7 ± 36.3
0.416
GGT (U/L)
334 ± 568
265 ± 329
0.329
ALP (U/L)
276 ± 289
364 ± 326
0.297
Amylase (mg/dL)
128 ± 187
82 ± 41
0.888
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
3.47 ± 6.8
2.7 ± 4.8
0.289
Endoscopic/radiological findings n (%)
Cholecystectomized patients
47 (36.7)
11 (39.2)
0.473
Papilla in bulbus
7 (5.5)
0
0.559
Papilla in 3rd portion
4 (3.1)
3 (13.6)
0.060
Periampullary diverticula
19 (14.8)
1 (%4.5)
0.308
History of gastric operation
5 (3.9)
0
0.446
Impacted stone
14 (%10.9)
3 (%13.6)
0.375
Stricture distal to the stone
27 (%21)
6 (%27.2)
0.379
Number of ERCP sessions
3.34 ± 1.57 (1–10)
3.36 ± 2 (1–9)
0.558
Total follow-up (months)
5 ± 7.5 (0.75–39.75)
5.1 ± 7.5 (1–61)
0.780
Bile duct size in first session (mm)
14.8 ± 3.8 (7–26)
20.7 ± 7.3 (11–33)
0.006
Bile duct size in last session (mm)
13.1 ± 3.68 (7–25)
19.3 ± 7 (11–29)
<0.001
Number of patients with reduced CBD diameter n (%)
106 (82.8)
7 (31.8)
0.001
Number of patients with more than 3 stones at initial session; n (%)
75 (58.5)
13 (46.4)
0.931
Maximum stone size in first session (mm)
15.8 ± 5.5 (12–30)
27.7 ± 10.3 (24–44)
<0.001
Maximum stone size in last session (mm)
13.3 ± 4.1 (6–24)
26.1 ± 7.5 (22–41)
<0.001
Number of patients with reduced diameter of the largest stone; n (%)
97 (75.7)
16 (57.1)
0.413
Additional technique; n (%)
Mechanical lithotripsy
25 (19.5)
2 (7.1)
0.252
Balloon sphincteroplasty
6 (4.6)
1 (3.5)
0.591
Values are presented as number (%), mean ± SD, or median (range). ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CBD: common bile duct; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; GGT: gamma glutamyl transferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase.
